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机器人控制曲面光斑面积的激光增材硬度分析
秦亮亮 2024/4/22 19:21:38
江苏联合职业技术学院淮安生物工程分院，江苏淮安 223200
摘要：为了提高曲面上激光增材质量，采用机器人控制曲面光斑面积方法完整激光增材工艺。通过调整光斑面积使曲面获得特定能量的激光，调整机器人路径并寻优得到最优能量输入位置，同时在多道扫描期间对激光路径进行合理规划。研究结果表明：离焦量5mm下获得平整的边缘结构，得到具有优异质量的无夹杂熔覆层。增加空间夹角时，硬度曲线值下降，塑性变形形成了更大的晶界阻力，当组织晶粒细化后获得了更大的硬度。本研究根据光斑面积阈值搜索得到插补点，对提高曲面激光增材质量具有很好的实际指导意义。
关键词：曲面；激光增材；光斑面积；硬度
中图分类号：TG146
Laser additive hardness analysis of surface spot area controlled by robot
Qin Liangliang
Huaian Bioengineering Branch, Jiangsu United Vocational and Technical College, Huaian 223200, China
Abstract: In order to improve the quality of laser additive on a curved surface, the laser additive process was completed by using a robot to control the surface spot area. By adjusting the spot area, the surface can obtain the laser with specific energy, adjust the robot path and search for the optimal energy input position, and make reasonable planning for the laser path during the multi-scanning period. The results show that the smooth edge structure can be obtained at 5mm defocus, and the non-inclusion cladding layer with excellent quality can be obtained. When the space Angle is increased, the hardness curve value decreases, the plastic deformation forms greater grain boundary resistance, and the hardness is greater when the grain is refined. In this study, the interpolation points are obtained according to the spot area threshold, which has a good practical guiding significance for improving the surface laser additive quality.
Key words: Surface; Laser additive; Spot area; Hardness
1 引言
对曲面部件进行表面磨损缺陷进行检测时通常会受到距离与入射角因素的干扰，导致光纤无法对其进行全范围覆盖[1-2]。到目前为止，大部分关于复杂表面结构熔覆层开展的研究主要是从工艺参数优化方面考虑[3-4]。例如，Liu[5]通过田口法确定最优链轮激光增材条件，在此基础上对损坏链轮实施修复。通过观察微观组织形貌可知，在熔覆层产生的误差最大值是2.96mm，整体达到了较理想的质量。Wang等[6]开发了一种可以对复杂结构曲面进行路径优化的误差控制方法。为激光增材过程设置了插补点，之后对此该方法可靠性进行了验证。Campanelli[7]以田口法确定最优激光参数，包括功率、扫描速率与粉末流动速度。同时构建了相应的数学模型求解得到最优重叠度，在此基础上设计了统计算法对高密度试样开展测试。但上述研究内容并未深入分析复杂部件受到激光增材作用时发生的光斑尺寸改变，这已经成为制备优异激光增材层的关键因素[8]。
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