机械臂路径特征点目标轨迹规划及实验分析
张钦 2023/9/16 18:35:04
江苏联合职业技术学院,淮安生物工程分院,江苏淮安 223200
摘要:采用传统机械臂轨迹规划算法存在控制精度不高以及时延较大的问题。为了提高机械臂跟踪目标轨迹效率,设计了一种基于路径特征点算法的机械臂跟踪目标轨迹优化方法。利用相平面法调节使算法达到更高处理效率。研究结果表明:随着路径点数量增加,算法时间明显延长,设置太多路径点可以实现算法效率的显著提升,整个计算过程所需的规划时间能够大幅缩短。采用本文算法可以获得比其它路径规划算法更短的耗时,且更适合于复杂路径。该研究具有很好的实际应用价值,易于推广开来。
关键词:机器臂;路径特征点;时间近似最优;轨迹规划
中图分类号:TP242
Trajectory optimization of manipulator tracking target based on path feature point algorithm
Zhang Qin
Huai ’an Bioengineering Branch, Jiangsu United Vocational and Technical College, Huai ’an 223200, China
Abstract: The traditional trajectory planning algorithm of manipulator has the problems of low control accuracy and large delay. In order to improve the tracking efficiency of manipulator, an optimization method of tracking target trajectory based on path feature point algorithm was designed. The phase plane method is used to adjust the algorithm to achieve higher processing efficiency. The results show that with the increase of the number of waypoints, the algorithm time is significantly extended. Setting too many waypoints can significantly improve the algorithm efficiency, and the planning time required by the whole calculation process can be significantly shortened. The proposed algorithm is shorter in time than other path planning algorithms and is more suitable for complex paths. This research has good practical application value and is easy to be popularized.
Key words: robot arm; Path feature point; time approximation optimal; trajectory planning
1 引言
在移动机器人的运动规划中,机器人往往是以一个点存在,对移动机器人的规划,更多的是使用各种搜索算法,在已经构建好的地图模型上,搜索出一条路径从起始点到终止点的路径曲线。采用传统轨迹规划算法进行分析时只考虑机械臂动力控制过程的非线性特征与电机转速的制约,按照这一方式导致规划轨迹无法完全发挥出机械臂应有的控制性能[1-2]。
现阶段,可以对机械臂动力学模型进行轨迹规划的算法通常选择相平面法,设置路径参数后,再转换机械臂运动学与动力学模型参数能[3]。通过对路径参数进行二阶微分计算构建路径参数化的动力仿真模型,之后建立路径参数模型,使关节速率与力矩约束条件转换成路径约束条件,从而可以利用路径参数二维优化的方式来转换轨迹规划过程能[4-5]。刘学成[6]根据失稳度指标构建得到由模糊神经网络与PID算法共同调节的模型来达到车辆稳定操纵的效果。通过仿真测试可知,采用本文控制方案可以促进车辆操纵稳定性的显著提升。
本文为了提高机械臂(未完,下一页)
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